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Basic Information

Classification Information

Regulatory Mechanism		Biological Function		Clinical Application
TF		Immune		Survival
Enhancer		Apoptosis	autophagy	Drug
Variant		Cell Growth		Circulating
MiRNA		EMT		Metastasis
Methylation		Coding Ability		Recurrence

Cancer&Entry Information

Cancer Name	hepatocellular carcinoma
ICD-0-3	C22.0
Methods	qPCR, Western blot, Luciferase reporter assay, in vitro knockdown, RNAi, RIP
Sample	hepatocellular carcinoma tissues, cell lines (Hep3B)
Expression Pattern	up-regulated
Function Description	The expression of HULC was significantly increased in liver cancer tissues compared to their adjacent noncancerous tissues. HULC promotes liver cancer cell growth in vitro. HULC is negatively associated with expression of PTEN or miR15a in patients of human liver cancer. Moreover, HULC accelerates malignant progression of liver cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, HULC increasesthe expression of P62 via decreasing mature miR15a. On the other hand, excessive HULC increases the expression of LC3 on the level of transcription and then activates LC3 through Sirt1 (a deacetylase). Notably, HULC enhanced the interplay between LC3 and ATG3. Furthermore, HULC also increases the expression of becline-1(autophagy related gene). Therefore, HULC increases the cellular autophagy by increasing LC3II dependent on Sirt1.Noteworthy, excessive HULC reduces the expression of PTEN, ?-catenin and enhances the expression of SAPK/JUNK, PKM2, CDK2, NOTCH1, C-Jun in liver cancer cells. Of significance, our observations also revealed that HULC inhibited PTEN through ubiquitin-proteasome system mediated by autophagy-P62.Ultimately,HULC activates AKT-PI3K-mTOR pathway through inhibiting PTEN in human liver cancer cells.
Pubmed ID	29895332
Year	2018
Title	Long Noncoding RNA HULC Accelerates Liver Cancer by Inhibiting PTEN via Autophagy Cooperation to miR15a

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